With the advent of the splendid Islamic Revolution of Iran in the age of globalized communications, Muslim thinkers have been faced with modern questions and challenges in the realm of the humanities. This represents the fact that weighty responsibilities rest with the governments in this modern era; it is in this era that attachment and loyalty to religion and tradition in overall management and ruling of the countries seems to be extremely challenging. Therefore, it seems necessary to make up-to-date, comprehensive, coherent and applied studies and researches into different religious fields in accordance with the world acceptable standards as well as the prevalent pure, insightful, and proper ideas and thoughts.On the other hand, taking measures to prevent possible deviations in moral and educational thoughts of the researchers working in religious fields is considered to be so important that the founders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially Imam Khomeini, the great architect of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and the Grand Ayatollah Khamenei, have given special attention to it. Globalization and the widespread cultural domination of the West through applying cultural and communicational media requires that the students working and being interested in these fields get familiar with the sublime thoughts and values of Islam. This can be achieved through establishing specialized courses, producing new and rich texts, and paving the ground for the students to be trained and educated in an organized manner. The process can be defined either in dealing with the fundamental issues and compilation of texts for especial purposes or in writing and publishing scientific discussions that are not so complex and specialized. The growth and development of educational centers is achieved by having an educational system which is coherent, regular, and dynamic. Revising educational and research texts and methods and keeping them updated can bring with them this coherence and dynamism and give scientific refreshment to the educational and research centers. Among many other educational and religious centers undertaking the mission of training and educating the clerics, Al-Mustafa International University and the Imam Khomeini Institute for Education and Research as two educational and religious centers, have put the compilation and writing appropriate books at the top of their agenda which has resulted in the appearance of numerous books and textbooks in various religious fields and subjects, including the present book, "Glocal English".

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AUTHORS’ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

organisation. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by the authors for information only. The publishers disclaim any responsibility for the content. Printed in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

A great number of people contributed to the development of Glocal English. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the following:

The reviewers using Glocal English in the following institutes – their insights and suggestions have helped define the content and format of this book: Hujjat al-Islam V a-al Muslimin Dr Muhammad Nasser Saqay-e Biria (the Deputy of Research at the Imam Khomeini Institute for Education & Research), Hujjat al-Islam Va-al Muslimin Dr Rahim Narooei Nosrati (the Former Head of the English Department at the Imam Khomeini Institute for Education & Research), Mr Muhammad Reza Saqay-e Biria (Editor), Hujjat al-Islam Hussain Ahmadi Hussain Abadi (the Manager of Text Editing at the Imam Khomeini Institute for Education & Research) and Mr Seyyed Ali Hosseini fatemi (the Office for Textbooks Material Development). Hujjat al-Islam Va-al Muslimin Dr Ali Reza Biniaz (the Deputy of Research at Al-Mustafa International University), Mr Seyyed Abazar Hashemi Harikandeei (the Manager of AlMustafa International Translation & Publication Centre) and his colleagues. Hujjat al Islam Safooraie and Ms Hashemi (Bint al-Huda Educational & Research Institute). Also, especial thanks go to Mr Hamid Reza Borhani and Mr Ali Rasti Tabar for their wonderful and great support and cooperation. Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright. However, should any infringement have occurred, the authors tender their apologies and invite copyright owners to contact them.

We would also like to thank the following for their permission to reproduce the images and photos used in this book:

Hasan Almasi, Masoud Dahmardeh, Shutterstock.com, and Unsplash.com